The Evolution of Brazilian Samba Schools: A Journey Through History

Brazilian samba schools have a rich and fascinating history that spans many decades, with parades and competitions still a major part of the Rio Carnival experience today. The story begins in the early days when only one school, Deixa Falar, would parade on Praca Onze grounds. However, over time, five more schools joined, eventually growing to nineteen contestants.

The judging criteria for parades at the Rio carnival was first established by 'O Globo', a prominent Brazilian media group that also sponsored 19 parades. This marked the beginning of samba competitions in the Rio Carnival, which have been an integral part of the Samba school's history since the 19th century.

In the 1920s and 1930s, instability plagued Samba schools, leading them to strive for innovation and excitement in their annual parades. This desire for success has contributed to the evolution of samba schools into what they are today.

Some of the most well-known Samba schools in Rio, such as Salgueiro, Unidos da Tijuca, Grande Rio, Beija Flor, and Mocidade, have a long history that dates back to when they were owned by popular football teams and soccer clubs. The history of Rio's Samba schools was largely shaped by these well-established schools.

Many Samba school members come from the slums of Rio de Janeiro, but through these groups, people find a sense of belonging and fraternity. Another significant development in Samba school history occurred in 1928 when the Mangueira group formed, followed by its reorganization under Estacio de Sa in the following years.

The first Samba school to consider itself as such was Deixa Falar, which consisted of members from diverse backgrounds, including Russian Jews, Gypsies, Poles, and Afro Brazilians. Ironically, the people behind the rhythm and harmony of the music were not Catholic, despite Brazil being a predominantly Catholic country at the time.

In fact, the Rio Carnival was initially characterized by Polka, Waltz, Scottish, and Mazurka music, which was considered more acceptable by the Catholic authorities. The carnival parade consisted of a flag-holding pair, floats, and the Vanguard Commission, without the elaborate costumes and loud music that we see today.

The history of Samba schools has undergone significant transformations over time, from humble beginnings to the extravagant displays we witness today. Despite this evolution, the essence of samba remains unchanged – it is a celebration of life, rhythm, and community.